{"id":1460614,"date":"2019-03-21T12:34:55","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T11:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/midi-pyrenees\/web\/?p=1460614"},"modified":"2024-01-16T20:12:17","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T19:12:17","slug":"la-classification-periodique-une-organisation-minutieuse-des-atomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/la-classification-periodique-une-organisation-minutieuse-des-atomes\/","title":{"rendered":"La classification p\u00e9riodique, une organisation minutieuse des atomes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"8000\" height=\"4500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.planete-sciences.org\/midi-pyrenees\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1.png?fit=474%2C267\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"1460615\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/?attachment_id=1460615\" class=\"wp-image-1460615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1.png 8000w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Banni\u00e8re-Troph\u00e9es-de-la-robotique-2019-1-1320x743.png 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 8000px) 100vw, 8000px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> La nouvelle \u00e9dition des Troph\u00e9es de Robotique est plac\u00e9e sous le th\u00e8me de la chimie des atomes ! Tout comme Dmitri Mendele\u00efev il y a tout juste 150 ans, les \u00e9quipes devront travailler leur classification p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments : classer et peser des atomes repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des palets de diff\u00e9rents poids et couleurs, d\u00e9couvrir un nouvel \u00e9l\u00e9ment chimique en envoyant un atome dans un acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de particules, pr\u00e9dire des \u00e9l\u00e9ments inconnus (en l\u2019occurrence, leur score), et r\u00e9aliser une exp\u00e9rience de leur conception pour d\u00e9placer un \u00e9lectron et le fixer sur un atome d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1152\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.planete-sciences.org\/midi-pyrenees\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-1.jpg?fit=474%2C144\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1460616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-1.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-1-300x91.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-1-768x233.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-1-1024x311.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-1-600x182.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1152px) 100vw, 1152px\" \/><figcaption>Photographie d&rsquo;un match lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9dition 2018 \u00e0 la Cit\u00e9 de l\u2019Espace. Cr\u00e9dit\u00a0: Plan\u00e8te Sciences Occitanie. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\nCe\nc\u00e9l\u00e8bre chimiste russe avait en effet r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 trier les atomes\nconnus selon leurs particularit\u00e9s \u00e9lectroniques, physiques et\nchimiques. Il avait remarqu\u00e9 que certains atomes se comportaient de\nmani\u00e8re similaire (masses, temp\u00e9ratures d\u2019\u00e9bullition, ou tailles\nproches par exemple), ce qui lui a permis de les trier selon des\n\u00ab&nbsp;groupes&nbsp;\u00bb d\u2019atomes de m\u00eames propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\nphysico-chimiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Les atomes sont constitu\u00e9s d\u2019un noyau autour duquel gravitent des \u00e9lectrons selon diff\u00e9rents niveaux d\u2019orbites plus ou moins \u00e9loign\u00e9s du noyau central. C\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle les couches \u00e9lectroniques. En parall\u00e8le de son tri par groupes, Mendele\u00efev a \u00e9galement class\u00e9 les atomes selon leurs couches \u00e9lectroniques\u00a0: c\u2019\u00e9tait la naissance des \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9riodes\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1562\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.planete-sciences.org\/midi-pyrenees\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920.png?fit=474%2C220\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1460617\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920.png 1562w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920-768x357.png 768w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920-1024x476.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920-600x279.png 600w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/planet-1630886_1920-1320x614.png 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1562px) 100vw, 1562px\" \/><figcaption>Repr\u00e9sentation d&rsquo;un atome\u00a0: un noyau central autour duquel gravitent des \u00e9lectrons sur diff\u00e9rentes orbites. Pixabay. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> Le chimiste avait donc r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 mettre en \u00e9vidence la p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de certains atomes selon leurs caract\u00e9ristiques \u00e9lectroniques. Afin de rendre ses travaux plus compr\u00e9hensibles, il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 la table de classification p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments. Les \u00ab\u00a0groupes\u00a0\u00bb y sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des colonnes, et les \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9riodes\u00a0\u00bb constituent les lignes du tableau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Cependant, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, certains atomes \u00e9taient encore inconnus. La classification selon les crit\u00e8res de Mendele\u00efev permettait de les symboliser par des cases vides dans le tableau\u00a0: on ne pouvait pas remplir enti\u00e8rement le tableau par manque de connaissance, mais on pouvait quand m\u00eame pr\u00e9dire les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques ou chimiques des atomes encore inconnus \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 leur position dans la table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/science-2227606_960_720.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1460618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/science-2227606_960_720.png 960w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/science-2227606_960_720-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/science-2227606_960_720-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/science-2227606_960_720-600x323.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption>Classification p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments telle que nous l&rsquo;utilisons actuellement. Pixabay. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\nDe\nnos jours, toutes les cases du tableau ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remplies et on peut\naffirmer que les pr\u00e9dictions du chimiste \u00e9taient justes&nbsp;: les\npropri\u00e9t\u00e9s des nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9couverts concordent avec\ngrande pr\u00e9cision avec les conjectures de Mendele\u00efev. Tous les\natomes naturels ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts et plac\u00e9s dans cette\ntable, mais celle-ci n\u2019arr\u00eate pas d\u2019\u00e9voluer pour autant&nbsp;:\nles progr\u00e8s de la physique permettent maintenant de synth\u00e9tiser de\nnouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui ne pourraient pas se former tout seuls dans\nla nature, gr\u00e2ce notamment \u00e0 des acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateurs de particules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Jusqu\u2019o\u00f9 pourra aller la chimie moderne\u00a0? Les nouvelles cr\u00e9ations, pour l\u2019instant souvent instables, peuvent-elles remplacer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de notre quotidien\u00a0? Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des nouveaux atomes pourront-elles r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 nos besoins actuels\u00a0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.planete-sciences.org\/midi-pyrenees\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3.jpg?fit=474%2C356\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1460619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3.jpg 4032w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-3-1320x990.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\" \/><figcaption>Joachim de l\u2019\u00e9quipe CH2O fabricant son propre robot au <a href=\"mailto:F@bRiquet\">F@bRiquet<\/a>, le fablab de Plan\u00e8te Sciences Occitanie. Il a con\u00e7u num\u00e9riquement puis imprim\u00e9 ou d\u00e9coup\u00e9 au laser une partie de ses pi\u00e8ces afin de r\u00e9pondre aux diff\u00e9rents crit\u00e8res. Plan\u00e8te Sciences Occitanie 2019. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\nNous\nserons ravis de d\u00e9battre avec vous au sujet de ces probl\u00e9matiques\nlors des Troph\u00e9es de Robotique le samedi 23 mars \u00e0 la Cit\u00e9 de\nl\u2019Espace durant\nles\nanimations ou\npendant un match\u2009&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Et sans trop vous spoiler, comme nous pouvons en effet l&rsquo;observer sur la photographie de la table de jeu ci-dessous, une des \u00e9preuves consistera \u00e0 classer les atomes\u00a0: trois zones repr\u00e9senteront des cases du tableau p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments (bleue, rouge et verte) et les participants devront guider leur robot pour qu&rsquo;ils r\u00e9cup\u00e8rent des atomes mod\u00e9lis\u00e9s par des palets de diff\u00e9rents poids et couleurs et les rangent dans la case correspondante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"964\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.planete-sciences.org\/midi-pyrenees\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4.jpg?fit=474%2C238\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1460620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4-768x386.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4-1024x514.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4-600x301.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Photo-classif-4-1320x663.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption>Photographie de la table de jeu 2019. Plan\u00e8te Sciences Occitanie 2019. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> Rendez-vous donc ce samedi pour assister aux confrontations\u00a0!<br>Et pour patienter jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce week-end, nous vous proposons de red\u00e9couvrir notre teaser 2019 qui revient sur l\u2019\u00e9dition 2018\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/bbdxvvFPdrw?fbclid=IwAR3x3-WZi6HqwtaK2qWOamZ0wusOPsDN21dco-v0N7NHmEZQIXNc2Nfcbls\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/bbdxvvFPdrw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Pour parler de nous\u00a0: #TR2019<br> Nous aimer, c\u2019est nous aider\u00a0:<br> @lefabriquet<br> @PlanetSciOccit<\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La nouvelle \u00e9dition des Troph\u00e9es de Robotique est plac\u00e9e sous le th\u00e8me de la chimie des atomes ! Tout comme Dmitri Mendele\u00efev il y a tout juste 150 ans, les \u00e9quipes devront travailler leur classification p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments : classer et peser des atomes repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par des palets de diff\u00e9rents poids et couleurs, d\u00e9couvrir un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[],"ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1460614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","hentry","category-planete-sciences","post_format-post-format-gallery","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1460614"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2256130,"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1460614\/revisions\/2256130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1460614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1460614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.planete-sciences.org\/occitanie\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1460614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}